Journal: Clinical & Translational Immunology

Article Title: Increased amphiregulin expression by CD4 + T cells from individuals with asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection

doi: 10.1002/cti2.1396

Figure Lengend Snippet: Defining a transcriptomic signature of peripheral blood CD4 + T cells from asymptomatic (ASY) individuals infected with Leishmania donovani . A schematic showing the approach taken to identify transcriptomic signatures of peripheral blood CD4 + T cells from ASY individuals, endemic controls (EC) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients ( n = 12 biological replicates in each group). A volcano plot of the differentially expressed genes identified in the comparison of asymptomatic versus endemic controls (upper plot) and ASY versus the average of VL patients and EC. Genes are coloured red (upregulated) or blue (downregulated) according to a false discovery rate < 0.05. Gene labels are shown for selected genes.

Article Snippet: CD4 + T cells were isolated from PBMCs by magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) using MS Columns and anti‐human CD4 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) and stored in RLT buffer (Qiagen, cat #79216) at −80°C till further use.

Techniques: Infection, Comparison

Journal: Clinical & Translational Immunology

Article Title: Increased amphiregulin expression by CD4 + T cells from individuals with asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection

doi: 10.1002/cti2.1396

Figure Lengend Snippet: Amphiregulin (AREG) is elevated in CD4 + T cells from asymptomatic individuals infected with Leishmania donovani . RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (a) and CD4 + T cells (b) isolated from asymptomatic (ASY; n = 19) individuals, endemic controls (EC; n = 15) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL; n = 15) patients and subjected to qPCR to measure AREG mRNA levels. Median + minimum and maximum are shown; ns = not significant, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. Significance was assessed by the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Article Snippet: CD4 + T cells were isolated from PBMCs by magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) using MS Columns and anti‐human CD4 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) and stored in RLT buffer (Qiagen, cat #79216) at −80°C till further use.

Techniques: Infection, Isolation

Journal: Clinical & Translational Immunology

Article Title: Increased amphiregulin expression by CD4 + T cells from individuals with asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection

doi: 10.1002/cti2.1396

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in CD4 + T‐cell subset frequencies and expression of AREG. CD4 + T cells were identified by CD3ε and CD4 expression prior to being divided into regulatory T (Treg) cells and conventional T cells, based on CD25 and CD127 expression, before assessing AREG expression (a) . CD4 + T cells were divided into T helper cell subsets based on chemokine receptor expression (b) and frequencies measured in peripheral blood from asymptomatic (ASY; n = 15) individuals, endemic controls (EC; n = 17) visceral leishmaniasis patients (VL; n = 11). The box shows the extent of the lower and upper quartiles plus the median, while the whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum data points (c) . * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001. Significance was assessed by the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Article Snippet: CD4 + T cells were isolated from PBMCs by magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) using MS Columns and anti‐human CD4 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) and stored in RLT buffer (Qiagen, cat #79216) at −80°C till further use.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Clinical & Translational Immunology

Article Title: Increased amphiregulin expression by CD4 + T cells from individuals with asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection

doi: 10.1002/cti2.1396

Figure Lengend Snippet: Amphiregulin (AREG) expression by CD4 + T‐cell subsets. The frequency of AREG + CD4 + T‐cell subsets was measured by FACS. The box shows the extent of the lower and upper quartiles plus the median, while the whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum data points (a) . A simplified presentation of incredibly complex evaluations (SPICE) was used to establish overlap in expression of AREG, CD38 and indicated chemokine receptors by all CD4 + T cells (b) , naive CD4 + T cells (c) , regulatory T (Treg) cells (d) and Th1 cells (e) from asymptomatic (ASY; n = 15) individuals, endemic controls (EC; n = 17) and visceral leishmaniasis (V; n = 11) patients, as indicated. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001. Significance was assessed by a one‐way ANOVA with a Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (a) .

Article Snippet: CD4 + T cells were isolated from PBMCs by magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) using MS Columns and anti‐human CD4 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) and stored in RLT buffer (Qiagen, cat #79216) at −80°C till further use.

Techniques: Expressing